You are using a Mac, aren't you? I also use Mac OS, and I found out a glitch with the AppleScript occurs when the game is unable to check for updates. After hours of searching for a solution in the same way you are, I found out that you need to download the .jar file and run that instead when offline. It will still use your world saves, so do not worry! Just open the file as if it was your standard launcher, than click offline mode.
Download it here: #mce_temp_url#.